[Agricultural model] What benefits can the “combination of planting and breeding” model bring to circular agriculture?

1A few years ago

A large number of domestic field experiments have shown that high-quality organic fertilizers can be made from processed livestock and poultry manure. Compared with traditional single application of chemical fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizers can improve soil physical and chemical properties, stimulate crop growth, and enhance crop stress resistance. , increase production, improve quality and other benefits.

Therefore, the use of organic fertilizers in the production of livestock and poultry manure can solve the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, which is conducive to improving soil and fertilizing soil fertility. The combination of planting and breeding is a “key” to open the recycling of resources.

The combination of planting and breeding realizes the rapid development of the industry

Smelly smell, sewage flow, swarms of mosquitoes and flies… These are most people’s impressions of livestock and poultry farms. However, on July 6, the author came to the breeding base in Shilipu Village of Qingfeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd. in Yingshang County, and it was a different scene.

This is a farm that sells about 15,000 pigs a year, but it does not smell the peculiar smell of ordinary farms. The company is actively exploring a new model of modern animal husbandry development of “combination of planting and breeding, resource recycling, and ecological development”.

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“The biggest pollution to the environment by the traditional pig raising model is the direct discharge of untreated manure, which not only pollutes the ecological environment, but also wastes resources.” Cui Wenzhu, the person in charge of the company, introduced to the author that the manure produced by pig farms every day , have been “eaten” by the wheat, corn, seedlings, and fruit trees planted on more than 1,100 mu of land transferred. In the eyes of many people, the stinky and difficult-to-handle pig manure has become a “sweet pastry” in the eyes of Cui Wenzhu.

How to “eat”? The manure from the pig house is discharged into the septic tank through pipes. After dry-wet separation and fermentation, the biogas is used to generate electricity for pig farms and beverage processing, and the manure is fermented into biogas in the anaerobic tank. The liquid fertilizer is diluted with a certain proportion of water, and through the underground pipe network, it supplies fertilizer for the farmland of the planting base, and the solid can be directly used for returning to the field or processed into organic fertilizer.

Shao Bingshun, a company technician with more than ten years of experience in agricultural planting, calculated for the author. Based on the calculation of two crops of wheat and corn every year, the annual income per mu planted with chemical fertilizers is about 1,200 yuan; Lodging, disease resistance, high yield and good quality, can also reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers by 140 yuan per mu, and the actual income per mu is more than 1,400 yuan. In addition, through the direct virtuous circle of planting and breeding, the protection and improvement of land resources and water resources are of greater value.

“According to the combination of planting and breeding, if you want to raise pigs, you must first find the corresponding planting area. There are 5 pig houses in the breeding base of Shiliupu Village, with more than 5,500 pigs in stock all year round. According to the ratio of 6 pigs’ excrement consumed per mu of land , can almost manage the organic fertilizer supply of nearly a thousand acres of land.” Cui Wenzhu said with a smile, the better the environment now, the longer and healthier the pigs, and the economic benefits of the enterprise have also improved significantly. In the next step, in combination with Yingshang County’s targeted poverty alleviation policy, another 20 planting and breeding bases will be deployed to help more poor households get rid of poverty.

Large-scale planting lags behind, large-scale treatment of manure is difficult to plant

Since the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, under the dual promotion of policies and markets, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in our province has developed rapidly, and large-scale breeding has flourished, which has greatly enriched the “vegetable basket” of urban and rural residents, and played a role in ensuring supply and increasing income. played an irreplaceable role.

With the continuous expansion of the total amount of livestock and poultry breeding and the scale of farm households, the production of livestock and poultry manure is also increasing. According to incomplete statistics, our province produces about 200 million tons of livestock and poultry manure every year, and the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 60%.

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“In recent years, since large-scale farms are mostly invested and constructed by foreign industrial and commercial capital, except for the necessary construction land, there is no allocation or insufficient allocation of land for feed and manure consumption, which makes the contradiction between the separation of the main body of planting and breeding prominent. In addition, there is a lack of professional land. Transportation and returning machinery, the use of primary organic fertilizers are relatively high in cost, large in application volume, and labor-intensive, resulting in poor export of organic fertilizers and extensive returning to the field.” Dong Weixing, director of the Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, introduced that due to the disconnection of planting and breeding , the unrestrained use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the non-recycling of livestock and poultry manure are prominent problems, and the task of reducing livestock and poultry pollution is quite heavy.

“For large-scale farms, if they want to meet the environmental protection requirements, they need supporting facilities such as biogas digesters, solid-liquid separators, manure stacking sheds, sewage storage tanks, etc., which cost at least more than 1 million yuan. For farmers, it is a sum of money. It’s not a small expense, in order to save costs, some of them can be saved.” Zhu Hongbin, deputy director of the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the author worriedly that the application of poultry manure requires a lot of labor and capital investment, from the cost of use and operation. Taking convenience into consideration, growers are more willing to use chemical fertilizers.

“In the past, the scale of the breeding industry was very small, and it was all scattered manure storage, and it was easier to digest it on the spot. In recent years, the development speed of the large-scale farming industry has been slower than that of the large-scale farming industry due to the lag of land transfer. The speed is fast and the scale of the planting industry is slow, which leads to an imbalance in the planting and breeding structure, which in turn makes it difficult to achieve large-scale treatment of the manure generated by large-scale breeding.” Yang Yong, chairman of Anhui Pig Industry Association and chairman of Antai Group, believes that we The development of animal husbandry in the province can no longer follow the old path of extensive development, pollution first and then treatment, but in accordance with the principle of “determining livestock by land”, reduce if necessary, adjust if necessary, raise if suitable for breeding, and realize optimal layout and transformation upgrade.

Moderate-scale planting and breeding to solve agricultural non-point source pollution species

Doing a good job in the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste is a major livelihood project related to the effective supply of livestock products and the improvement of the production and living environment of rural residents.

Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the “Opinions on Accelerating the Resource Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Waste”, which systematically proposed for the first time the establishment of a resource utilization system, and provided comprehensive system design for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste. Strong support, this is the first guiding document specially issued for the treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry farming waste in the history of my country’s animal husbandry development.

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“Cultivation manure itself is not pollution, it will become pollution if it is not used, but it will become a very safe green organic fertilizer if it is used well, which can replace or reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used in the planting industry.” Animal Science and Technology of Anhui Agricultural University Yin Zongjun, professor of the college and chief expert of the provincial modern pig industry technology system, believes that the following aspects must be met in order to turn breeding pollution into organic fertilizers: first, moderate-scale breeding to reduce the amount of sewage discharged by a single farm; second, the farm must have Sufficient land is matched with the planting industry, and the combination of planting and breeding is implemented; the third is to establish an incentive mechanism for the use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, and promote the application of organic fertilizers in agricultural production.

For some places in the province, in the process of controlling livestock and poultry breeding pollution, blindly expanding the scope of prohibited breeding areas, or adopting a simplistic approach of banning them and dismantling them, has caused the interests of some farms (households) to be damaged.

Yang Yong believes that these practices do not have a good relationship between the development of production and environmental protection. It is necessary to scientifically delimit the breeding ban area to prevent the blind expansion of the scope of the breeding ban, and it is not allowed to ban what should not be banned.

At the same time, those that should be banned must be firmly banned, but reasonable compensation must be given. Yang Yong said that the Provincial Pig Industry Association will guide the farms (households) to develop the cycle of planting and breeding, and improve the ability of manure resource utilization to achieve the coordinated development of production and the environment. Antai Group will lead the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other scientific research institutions established the Hefei Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Circulation Engineering Technology Research Center to provide technical support for the utilization of manure resources.

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