2035! How to do China’s smart agriculture

In recent years, my country has carried out a series of deployments in the development of smart agriculture, implemented a number of major application demonstration projects, and made breakthroughs in smart agricultural technologies such as agricultural expert systems, agricultural intelligent equipment, and Beidou agricultural machinery automatic navigation and driving.

However, compared with developed countries, due to the late start and weak foundation, the overall level of R&D and application of smart agriculture in my country is lagging behind;

Key technologies and products such as agricultural sensors, agricultural models and core algorithms are controlled by others, and are still in the stage of “following and imitating”, lagging behind advanced countries by 10 to 15 years;

Due to the lack of top-level design in the industry, the level of smart agriculture construction in various regions is uneven. Improving the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture and building smart agriculture is an inevitable requirement for national development;

After entering a new stage of development, the high-quality development of smart agriculture urgently requires systematic planning and scientific layout at the strategic level.

At this stage, the research on smart agriculture pays more attention to concept analysis, technical method innovation, technical output efficiency calculation, technical progress combing, technical solution demonstration, etc., and starts from a macro perspective, looking forward to the development route of my country’s smart agriculture in 2035 Sexual analysis is relatively rare, especially the lack of research on path selection for different scale entities and different industry types.

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Analysis of the development needs of smart agriculture

01. The need to improve agricultural production efficiency and benefits

Both technical demonstration and application practice have shown that the implementation of smart agricultural projects can realize the precise layout, technical control, and quality and efficiency improvement of large agricultural industries, and is an effective way to solve the problem of low agricultural production efficiency. For example, the unmanned vegetable farm in the Xiaotangshan National Precision Agriculture Research Demonstration Base in Beijing, through the unmanned management of the entire growth cycle of large-scale vegetable production, has reduced labor input costs by about 55% on average, and reduced the amount of water, fertilizer, and medicine used 25%, 31%, 70%. If our country wants to rank among the first echelons of the world’s agricultural modernization countries, we must accelerate the deployment of smart agriculture, promote smart equipment to replace labor, and fundamentally improve production efficiency

02. The need to improve the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization

A large population, little land, unbalanced resource endowment, and frequent extreme climate disasters are the basic agricultural conditions in our country. At the same time, we are facing pressures such as non-point source pollution and epidemic prevention and control. According to the “2019 China Soil Environment Quality Report”, the proportion of high-quality cultivated land in grades 1-3 in my country is only 27%, and the contribution rate of basic soil fertility is about 50%, which is 20-30 percentage points lower than that of agricultural developed countries. From the perspective of resource utilization, although the agricultural sector has actively promoted agricultural fertilizer and pesticide saving actions in recent years, by the end of 2020, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of my country’s three major food crops has increased to more than 40%, but compared with agricultural developed countries, there are still 20 percentage point difference. In addition, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure is more than 20 percentage points lower than that of agricultural developed countries.

03. The need to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products

With the change of lifestyle and consumption concept, the demand of urban and rural residents for high-quality, green, safe and healthy agricultural products has further increased. Because food manufacturing involves multiple links/subjects such as production, processing, circulation, and sales, and is restricted by various factors such as inputs, environment, technology, and opportunistic behavior of business entities, the information between producers, consumers, and regulatory agencies The asymmetry has made it difficult to supervise the quality of agricultural products, food safety incidents have been repeatedly banned, and the public lacks confidence in agricultural products.

According to the “China Urban Public Safety Sense Survey Report (2019)”, the food safety index of urban residents in 2019 was only 0.497 2, and about 66% of the respondents experienced at least one food safety incident in the past year, and reflected The publicity of illegal information on food accidents is relatively low. To ensure national food safety and better meet the multi-level and personalized food needs of urban and rural residents, it is necessary to build a safe and controllable transparent supply chain of agricultural products as soon as possible, implement traceable control of the quality and safety of agricultural products throughout the process, and ensure the safety of “on the tip of the tongue”.

04. The need to enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural products

Under the background of building a new development pattern of domestic and international dual cycles, the development of smart agriculture is conducive to enhancing the market competitiveness of my country’s agricultural products, which is an important aspect of the high-quality development of my country’s agriculture. It is urgent to upgrade the value chain of the agricultural industry through smart agricultural technology, and promote the core competitiveness of my country’s agricultural industry to approach the level of agricultural developed countries as soon as possible.

On the other hand is the domestic market. In the process of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, promoting the connection between small farmers and modern agriculture has become the focus of the “three rural” work. The proportion of small farmers in my country’s agricultural operations is still relatively high. We should give full play to the role of information services in linking farmers and leading farmers, and build a big data intelligent service system for small farmers so that hundreds of millions of small farmers can effectively connect with the big market; While expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, it will effectively connect with rural revitalization, smooth the economic cycle between urban and rural areas, and make small farmers more confident in increasing their income.

05. The need to realize the self-reliance and self-improvement of agricultural science and technology

In recent years, my country has implemented a number of scientific and technological projects and projects related to smart agriculture, promoting Beidou agricultural machinery automatic navigation and driving, plant factories, and agricultural applications of drones to reach or approach the international advanced level. However, some key core technologies beyond the system level are still controlled by others. For example, high-end agricultural environmental sensing and life information sensing equipment are monopolized by companies such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. The core data mainly come from the United States, Israel, the Netherlands, Japan, etc.

As agriculture enters the digital age, smart agriculture has become an important direction for traditional agricultural powers to seize the commanding heights of agricultural technology. my country should take the initiative in development, focus on and maintain self-reliance in science and technology, focus on the “short board” core key technologies involved in the high-quality development of smart agriculture, carry out concentrated research and demonstration applications, promote self-control, and improve the market competitiveness of domestic core products , to provide a strong guarantee for agricultural and rural modernization.

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The overall strategic conception of my country’s smart agriculture development

01. Development ideas

According to the national deployment, the period from now to 2035 is a critical period for my country to basically realize modernization. Accelerating the development of smart agriculture must be based on a new development stage, implement new development concepts, and achieve high-quality and efficient agricultural development; , smart farming, smart supply chain, agricultural smart information services, smart agriculture-related technology industrialization, etc., and carry out key constructions in accordance with the general idea of “focusing on key points, making up for shortcomings, and strengthening weak points”.

Highlight the self-reliance and self-improvement of agricultural science and technology, strengthen the strategic, cutting-edge, basic research and key common technology research and development of smart agriculture, and demonstrate the implementation of major scientific and technological special projects and application demonstration projects of smart agriculture. Research key technologies such as agricultural sensors and high-end chips, agricultural big data intelligence and knowledge models, agricultural artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and cloud services, and develop high-end intelligent agricultural machinery equipment, agricultural intelligent perception products, agricultural autonomous operations (robots) intelligent service products, etc. Key Products. Promote the integrated application demonstration of high-end products in smart farms (grazing, fishing) farms, plant factories, smart workshops for agricultural product processing, and smart supply chains for agricultural products, and cultivate agricultural software development and smart information services, agricultural sensors and measurement and control terminals, and agricultural smart equipment manufacturing And other supporting industries. Integrate biotechnology (variety selection), information technology (digital empowerment), and intelligent equipment (machine replacement), and establish a strong agricultural country with “AI + big data + new generation communication technology + Internet of Things + Beidou satellite navigation” as the technical support A smart agricultural industrial technology system that adapts to the development goals and reaches the world’s advanced level. Promote the three major transformations in agriculture: “machines replace manpower”, “computers replace human brains”, and “enhance the competitiveness of independent technologies”, improve the level of intelligent agricultural production and network management, strengthen the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture, expand the space for farmers to increase income, and help rural areas Comprehensive revitalization.