Recently, an on-site observation and training session on unmanned cultivation techniques for green and high yield rice was held in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. At the meeting, the modern smart agriculture collaborative innovation consortium led by Yangzhou University developed unmanned rice direct seeding machines, transplanting machines, and other new equipment to “walk” in the rice paddies, attracting the attention of agricultural technology personnel and large planting households from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and other places.
Relevant experts believe that the new unmanned rice cultivation products and unmanned machine insertion, drone rice direct seeding, and dry direct seeding technologies exhibited at this observation meeting have achieved breakthroughs and innovations in various aspects compared to traditional work tools and methods, and have played a good leading and demonstration role.
At the observation meeting, the unmanned cultivation technology of rice dense seedling machine insertion was quite impressive. This technology adopts equipment such as straw full return unmanned land preparation machine and rice unmanned dense seedling special transplanting machine. The straw substrate block developed by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences is used as the breeding substrate, and the light dense seedling technology cultivated is the core. It is accompanied by one-time application technology of machine inserted rice controlled mixed fertilizer and green flight prevention technology of disease, insect, and grass unmanned aerial vehicles, forming the unmanned cultivation technology system of rice dense seedling machine insertion.
The unmanned plowing and land preparation technology uses unmanned tractors as the carrier to achieve high-quality straw return to paddy fields, fine plowing and land preparation, and other unmanned plowing and pulping operations. Zhang Hongcheng, an academician of the CAE Member and a professor of Yangzhou University, introduced that the machinery used in this unmanned land preparation technology is the Dongfeng DF1204-CVT (G4) unmanned tractor, which is equipped with an efficient chain stepless transmission powertrain, equipped with a remote control system, and has realized work path planning, App remote interaction and unmanned operation. This unmanned tractor achieves ultra deep rotary tillage by towing a dual axis rotary tillage paddy field plowing and leveling machine developed by Yangzhou University, using the dual axis layered cutting principle, with a rotary tillage depth of 22 centimeters or more; The application of intelligent level control system has greatly improved the flatness of paddy fields and completely solved the problem of difficult leveling of ridges.
The driverless rice seedling transplanter is mainly Yangma 2ZGQ-60D (YR60D) riding rice seedling transplanter, equipped with Huida Beidou navigation agricultural machinery auto drive system. The transplanter can reduce the cutting area of the transplanter’s claws by replacing the rotating gear and claws, achieving the same amount of seedlings taken under dense seedling cultivation conditions as conventional seedlings. Conventional japonica rice can pick 4-5 seedlings per hole.
In terms of seedling cultivation substrates, Wei Haiyan, an expert in the national rice industry technology system and deputy chief expert in the Jiangsu rice industry technology system, introduced that they mainly use straw substrate blocks for seedling cultivation, which can replace more than 80% of traditional bulk substrates and nutrient soil. Compared with conventional substrate seedling cultivation, straw substrate block seedling cultivation is lightweight and easy to handle. The weight of mature seedlings is equivalent to one-third to half of that of conventional substrate seedlings. The transplanting machine can carry 5-6 acres of seedlings for transplanting, greatly improving the efficiency of transplanting.
Yang Hongjian, the head of Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, said: These new products and technologies for green and high-yield unmanned cultivation of rice have made eye-catching innovations on the basis of the previous unmanned cultivation technology system. Starting from the aspects of seedling cultivation, land preparation, and transplanter loading, labor costs have been reduced, and the quality of operations has been improved. From the perspective of ‘whether farmers are willing to use it’, technology research and development has truly taken a big step towards future truly unmanned rice cultivation operations.
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